Publications

Throughout its existence ECFIA has supported and published information papers und studies concerning the different aspects of HTIW. In this section you will find a selection of the most important publications in alphabetical order. (If you have difficulty obtaining any of these references or reports please send an e-mail to: info@ecfia.eu)

• Adachi S, Kawamura K and Takemoto K. (2001). A trial on the quantitative risk assessment of man-made mineral fibers by the rat intraperitoneal administration assay using the JFM standard fibrous samples. Ind. Health 39:168-174.
• Alexander IC, Brown RC, Jubb GA, Pickering P and Hoskins JA. (1994). Durability of ceramic and novel man-made mineral fibres. Environ. Health Perspect. 102(5):67-71.
• Alexander IC and Jubb GA. (1997). Development of a soluble high-temperature insulation fibre. Glastech Ber. 70:382-388.
• Alexander IC, Jubb GA and Penn JA. (1997). Fibre sizing for classification. Brit Ceram T 96(2):74-75.
• Beckett, ST. (1975). The generation and evaluation of UICC asbestos clouds in animal exposure chambers. Ann of Occup. Hyg 18:187-198.
• Bellman B, Muhle H, Creutzenberg O, Ernst H, Brown RC and Sébastien P. (2001). Effects of nonfibrous particles on ceramic fiber (RCF1) toxicity in rats. Inhal Toxicol 13:101-125.
• Bellmann B, Muhle H, Ernst H, Pohlmann G, Sébastien P and Brown RC. (2002). Subchronic studies on man-made vitreous fibres: kinetics of inhaled particles. Ann Occup Hyg 46 (Supp 1):166-169.
• Bellman B, Muhle H, Kampstrup O and Draeger UF. (1995). Investigation on the biodurability of chemically different stone wool fibres. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 47:195-201.
• Berman DW, Crump KS, Chatfield EJ, Davis JMG and Jones AD. (1995). The sizes, shapes, and mineralogy of asbestos structures that induce lung tumors or mesothelioma in AF/HAN rats following inhalation. Risk Analysis 15:181-195.
• Bernstein DM, Morscheidt C, De Meringo A, Schumm M, Grimm HG, Teichert U, Thévenaz P and Mellon L. (1997). The biopersistence of fibres following inhalation and intratracheal instillation exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41:224-230.
• Bernstein DM, Morscheidt C, Grimm HG, Thévenaz P and Teichert U. (1996). Evaluation of soluble fibers using the inhalation biopersistence model, a nine-fiber comparison. Inhal. Toxicol. 8:345-385.
• Bernstein DM, Sintes JMR, Ersboell BK and Kunert J. (2001). Biopersistence of synthetic mineral fibres as a predictor of chronic inhalation toxicity in rats. Inhal Tox 13:851-875.
• Bernstein DM, Thévenaz P, Fleissner H, Anderson R, Hesterberg TW and Mast R. (1995). Evaluation of the oncogenic potential of man-made vitreous fibres: the inhalation model. Ann Occup Hyg 39(5):661-672.
• Bignon J, Brochard P, Brown R, Davis JMG, Vu V, Gibbs G, Greim M, Oberdörster G and Sébastien P. (1995). Assessment of the toxicity of man-made fibres; a final report of a workshop held in Paris, France, 3-4 February 1994. Ann Occup Hyg 39(1):89-106.
• Brown RC. (2000). Influence of non-fibrous particles in the animal testing of refractory ceramic fibres. Applied Mineralogy in Research, Economy, Technology, Ecology and Culture. (Eds.) Rammlmair D, Mederer J, Oberthur Th, Heimann RB and Pentinghaus H. Balkema Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1635, pp 739-742.
• Brown RC, Bellmann B, Muhle H, Ernst H, Pohlmann G and Sébastien P. (2002). Subchronic studies on man-made vitreous fibres: toxicity results. Ann Occup Hyg 46 (Supp 1):102-104.
• Brown RC, Hoskins JA and Glass LR. (1995). The in vivo biological activity of ceramic fibres. Ann Occup Hyg 39(5):705-713.
• Brown RC, Sara EA, Hoskins JA, Evans CE, Young J, Laskowski JJ, Acheson R, Forder SD and Rood AP. (1992). The effects of heating and devitrification on the structure and biological activity of aluminosilicate refractory ceramic fibres. Ann Occup Hyg 36:115-129.
• Brown RC, Sébastien P, Bellman B and Muhle H. (2000). Particle contamination in experimental fiber preparations. Inhal. Toxicol 12 (Suppl 3):99-107.
• Burdett GJ, Firth JG, Rood AP and Streeter RR. (1988). Application of fibre retention and carcinogenic curves to fibre size distributions of asbestos. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 32:341-351.
• Butler MA, Dyson DJ. The quantification of different forms of cristobalite in devitrified aluminosilicate ceramic fibres. J Applied Crystallography 30:467-475 (1997).
• Carthew P, Edwards RE, Dorman BM, Brown RC, Young J, Laskowski JJ, Wagner JC. Intrapleural administration of vitreous high duty ceramic fibres and heated devitrified ceramic fibres does not give rise to pleural mesothelioma in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 14(8):657-661 (1995).
• Christensen VR, Jensen SL, Guldberg M and Kamstrup O. (1994). Effect of chemical composition of man-made vitreous fibers on the rate of dissolution in vitro at different pHs Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 5):83-86.
• Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. (1995). RCC/RCFC Fiber and Particle Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Atlanta, GA.
• Class P, Brown RC, Alexander IC, Jubb G and Deghilage P. (1996). Evaluation of the relation between the nominal fibre diameter of bulk refractory ceramic fibres and airborne fibre concentration (dustiness) using a laboratory shaking test box. Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft 56:319-321.
• Class P, Deghilage P and Brown RC. (2001). Dustiness of different high temperature insulation wools and refractory ceramic fibres. Ann Occup Hyg 45:381-384.
• Cowie HA, Wild P, Beck J, Auburtin G, Piekarski C, Massin N, Cherrie JW, Hurley JF, Miller BG, Groat S and Soutar CA. (2001). An epidemiological study of the respiratory health of workers in the European refractory ceramic fibre industry. Occup Environ Med 58:800-810.
• Creutzenberg O, Bellman B and Muhle H. (1997). Biopersistence and bronchoalveolar lavage investigations in rats after subacute inhalation of various man-made mineral fibres. Ann Occup Hyg 41:213-218.
• Davis, JMG, Addison J, Bolton RE, Donaldson K, Jones AD and Wright A. The Pathogenic effects of fibrous ceramic aluminum silicate glass administered to rats by inhalation or peritoneal injection. In : Biological Effects of Man-Made Mineral Fibers. Volume 2, Sessions VI-IX and Annexes. Proceedings of a WHO/IARC Conference in association with JEMRB and TIMA. Copenhagen, 20-22 April 1982.
• Davis JMG, Jones AD and Miller BG. (1991). Experimental studies in rats on the effects of asbestos inhalation coupled with the inhalation of titanium dioxide or quartz. Int J Exp Pathol 72:501-525.
• Davis JMG. (1996). Mixed fibrous and non-fibrous dust exposures and interactions between agents in fibre carcinogenesis. In IARC Scientific Publication Number 140: Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis. Ed Kane AB, Boffeta P, Saracci R, Wilbourn JD. International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon; France.
• de Meringo A, Lafon F, Furtak H and Hanton D. (2000). Chemical indexes and in-vitro solubility. Glastech Ber Glass Sci. Technol. 73:79-87.
• De Vuyst P, Dumortier P, Swaen GMH, Pairon JC and Brochard P. (1995). Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres. Eur Respir J 8(12):2149-2173.
• Donaldson K, Gilmour PS and Beswick PH. (1995). Supercoiled plasmid DNA as a model target for assessing the generation of free radicals at the surface of fibres. Exp Toxicol Pathol 47(4):235-237.
• Donaldson K, Hill IM and Beswick PH. (1995). Superoxide anion release by alveolar macrophages exposed to respirable industrial fibres - modifying effect of fiber opsonization. Exp Toxicol Pathol 47(4):229-231.
• Dufresne A, Perrault G, Yamato H, Masse S and Begin R. (1999). Clearance of man made mineral fibres from the lungs of sheep. Occup Environ Med 56(10):684-690.
• Dyson DJ, Butler MA, Hughes RJ, Fisher R and Hicks GW (1997). The devitrification of alumino-silicate ceramic fibre materials - the kinetics of the formation of different crystalline phases. Ann Occup Hyg 41:561-590.
• Eastes W, Potter RM and Hadley J. (2000a). Estimating the in-vitro glass fiber dissolution rate from composition. Inhal. Toxicol. 12:269-280.
• Eastes W, Potter RM and Hadley J. (2000b). Estimating rock and slag wool fiber dissolution from composition. Inhal. Toxicol. 12:1127-1139.
• Eschner A, Elstner I and Nebe U. (1995). Calcium aluminate wool, a new fibre for high temperature thermal insulation. Proceedings UNITCR. 427-431.
• European Chemicals Bureau. (1999). Biopersistence of fibres: Short-term exposure by inhalation (ECB/TM/26 rev. 7). In Methods for the Determination of the Hazardous Properties for Human Health of Man Made Mineral Fibres (MMMF). (DM Bernstein and JM Riego Sintes, Eds). European Commission Joint Research Centre. Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Unit: Toxicology and Chemical Substances.
• Everest Consulting Associates (ECA). (1996). Particulate-to-Fiber Ratios and Fiber Size Distributions in the RCC Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Study and in the Workplace. Presented to The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
• Everest Consulting Associates. (2000). The random-effects model applied to refractory ceramic fiber data. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32:190-199.
• Everitt JI, Bermudez E, Mangum JB, Wong B, Moss OR, Janszen D and Rutten AAAJJL. (1994). Pleural lesions in Syrian golden hamsters and Fischer-344 rats following intrapleural instillation of man-made ceramic or glass fibers. Toxicol Pathol 22(3):229-236.
• Gelzleichter TR, Mangum JB, Bermudez E, Wong BA, Moss OR and Everitt JI. (1996). Pulmonary and pleural leukocytes from F344 rats produce elevated levels of fibronectin following inhalation of refractory ceramic fibers. Exp Toxicol Pathol 48(6):487-489.
• Glass LR, Brown RC, Hoskins JA. Health effects of refractory ceramic fibres: scientific issues and policy considerations. Occup Environ Med 52(7):433-440 (1995).
• Guldberg M, de Meringo A, Kamstrup O, Furtak H and Rossiter C. (2000). The development of glass and stone wool compositions with increased biosolubility. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32:184-189.
• Guldberg M et al. Fraunhofer ITA Hanover Symposium. (1996). In-vitro dissolution at acidic pH.
• Hall GS, Rice CH, Lockey JE, Lemasters GK and Gartside PS. (1997). A comparison of exposures to refractory ceramic fibres over multiple work shifts. Ann of Occup Hyg 41(5):555-560.
• Hei TK, Xu A, Louie D and Zhao Y. (2000). Genotoxicity versus carcinogenicity: implications from fiber toxicity studies. Inhal Toxicol 12(Suppl 3):141-147.
• Hesterberg TW, Axten C, McConnell EE, Hart GA, Miiller WC, Chevalier J, Everitt J, Thévenaz P and Oberdörster G. (1999). Studies on the inhalation toxicity of two fiberglasses and amosite asbestos in the Syrian golden hamster – Part I. Results of chronic study and dose selection for a chronic study. Inhal. Toxicol. 11(9):747-784.
• Hesterberg TW, Chase G, Axten C, Miiller WC, Musselman RP, Kampstrup O, Hadley J, Morscheidt C, Bernstein D, Thévenaz P. (1998). Biopersistence of synthetic vitreous fibers and amosite asbestos in the rat lung following in halation. Toxicol. Appl, Pharmacol. 151(2):262-275.
• Hesterberg TW, Hart GA. Synthetic vitreous fibers: a review of toxicology research and its impact on hazard classification. (2001). Crit Rev Toxicol 31(1):1-53.
• Hesterberg TW and Hart GA. (2000). Lung biopersistence and in vitro dissolution rate predict the pathogenic potential of synthetic vitreous fibers. Inhal Toxicol 12(Supp 3):91-97.
• Hesterberg TW, Hart GA, Chevalier J, Miiller WC, Hamilton RD, Bauer J and Thévenaz P. (1998). The importance of fiber biopersistence and lung dose in determining the chronic inhalation effects of X607, RCF1, and chrysotile asbestos in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 153(1):68-82.
• Hesterberg TW, McConnell EE, Miiller WC, Chevalier J, Everitt J, Thévenaz P, Fleissner H and Oberdörster G. (1996). Use of lung toxicity and lung particle clearance to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for a fiber glass chronic inhalation study in the rat. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 32(1):31-44.
• Hesterberg T, Miiller W, Hart G, Bauer J and Hamilton R. (1996). Physical and chemical transformation of synthetic vitreous fibres in the lung and in vitro. J Occup Health Safety - Aust NZ 12(3):345-355.
• Hesterberg TW, Miiller WC, Thévenaz P and Anderson R. (1995). Chronic inhalation studies of man-made vitreous fibres: characterization of fibers in the exposure aerosol and lungs. Ann Occup Hyg 39(5):637-653.
• Hori H, Ishimatsu S, Oyabu T, Yamato H, Morimoto Y, Tsuda T, Higashi T and Tanaka I. (1999). A clearance model of inhaled man-made fibers in rat lungs. Ind Health 37(1):103-107.
• Howden PJ and Faux SP. (1996). Fibre-induced lipid peroxidation leads to DNA adduct formation in salmonella typhimurium TA104 and rat lung fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 17(3):413-419.
• International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Workshop Participants. (2000). The Relevance of the Rat Lung Response to Particle Overload for Human Risk Assessment. Inhal. Toxicol. 12(1-2):1-149.
• International Organization for Standardization. (1999). Refractory Products: Methods of test for ceramic fibre products. ISO 10635.
• Jensen CG and Watson M. (1999). Inhibition of cytokinesis by asbestos and synthetic fibres. Cell Biol Int 23(12):829-840.
• Laskowski JJ, Young J, Gray R, Acheson R and Forder SD. (1994). The identity, development, and quantification phases in devitrified, commercial-grade aluminosilicate refractory ceramic fibres: An x-ray powder diffractometry study. Analytica Chimica Acta. 286-9-23.
• LeMasters GK, Lockey JE , Yiin JH, Hilbert TJ and Levin LS. (2003). Mortality of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Refractory Ceramic Fibers, Occup Environ Med. 45:440-450.
• Levin LS, Rice CH, Lemasters GK, Lockey JE and Medvedovic M. (2000). What is the potential measurement error in occupational exposure studies? J Air Waste Manag Assoc 50(6):941-947.
• Lockey JE, LeMasters GK, Levin LS, Rice CH, Yiin J, Reutman SS and Papes DM. (2002). A Longitudinal Study of Chest Radiographic Changes of Workers in the Refractory Ceramic Fiber Industry. Chest 121:2044-2051.
• Lockey JE and Ross CS. (1998). Health effects of man made fibres. In: Stellman JM (ed). Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th ed. Vol I. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office 10:74-78.
• Mast RW, Yu CP, Oberdörster G, McConnell EE and Utell MJ. (2000). A retrospective review of the carcinogenicity of refractory ceramic fiber in two chronic Fischer 344 rat inhalation studies: an assessment of the MTD and implications for risk assessment. Inhal Toxicol 12:1141-1172.
• Maxim LD, Allshouse JN, Deadman J, Kleck C, Kostka M, Webster D, Class P and Sébastien P. (1998). CARE – A European programme for monitoring and reducing refractory ceramic fibre dust at the workplace: initial results. Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft. 58(3):97-103.
• Maxim LD, Venturin D and Allshouse JN. (1999). Respirable crystalline silica exposure associated with the installation and removal of RCF and conventional silica-containing refractories in industrial furnaces. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 29(1):44-63.
• McConnell EE. A science-based paradigm for the classification of synthetic vitreous fibers. (2000). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 32(1):14-21.
• McConnell E, Hesterberg T, Chevalier J, Thévenaz P, Kotin P, Mast R, Musselman R, Kamstrup O, Hadley J. (1996). Results of life-time inhalation studies of glass, mineral and slag wools and refractory ceramic fibers in rodents. J Occup Health Safety – Aust NZ 12(3):327-332.
• McKay RT, Levin LS, Lockey JE, Lemasters GK, Medvedovic M, Papes DM, Simpson SR, Rice CH. (1999). Weight change and lung function: Implications for workplace surveillance studies. J Occup Environ Med 41(7):596-604.
• Miller BG, Searl A, Davis JMG, Donaldson K, Cullen RT, Bolton RE, Buchanan D and Soutar CA. (1999). Influence of fibre length, dissolution and biopersistence on the production of mesothelioma in the rat peritoneal cavity. Ann Occup Hyg 43(3):155-166.
• Moolgavkar SH, Turim J, Brown RC and Luebeck EG. (2001). Long man-made fibers and lung cancer risk. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 33:138-146.
• Moolgavkar SH, Luebeck EG, Turim J and Brown RC. (2000). Lung cancer risk associated with exposure to man-made fibers. Drug Chem Toxicol 23(1):223-242.
• Moolgavkar SH, Brown RC and Turim J. (2001). Biopersistence, fiber length, and cancer risk assessment for inhaled fibers. Inhal Toxicol 13:755-772.
• Moolgavkar SH, Turim J and Brown RC. (2001). The power of the European Union protocol to test for carcinogenicity of inhaled fibers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 33(3):350-355.
• Moore, MA, Alexander IC, Jubb GA and Brown RC. (1995). High temperature thermal insulation wools: Their benefits, hazard, and future. Proceedings UNITCR. 418-426.
• Moore MA, Hanna LM, Grumm DM, Turnham P, Yu CP and Jubb GA. (1997). Biopersistence of insulation glass fibres. Ann Occup Hyg 41 (Suppl 1):312-319.
• Moore MA, Boymel PM, Maxim LD and Turim J. (2002). Categorization and nomenclature of vitreous silicate wools. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35:1-13.
• Moore MA, Brown RC and Piggott G. (2001). Material properties of MMVFs and their time dependent failure in lung environments. Inhal Toxicol 13:1117-1149.
• Morimoto Y, Tsuda T, Nakamura H, Hori H, Yamato H, Nagata N, Higashi T, Kido M and Tanaka I. (1997). Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and extracellular matrix mRNA following exposure to mineral fibers and cigarette smoke in vivo. Environ Health Perspect 105 (Suppl 5):1247-1251.
• Morimoto Y, Tsuda T, Hori H, Yamato H, Ohgami A, Higashi T, Nagata N, Kido M and Tanaka I. (1999). Combined effect of cigarette smoke and mineral fibers on the gene expression of cytokine mRNA. Environ Health Perspect 107(6):495-500.
• National Research Council (NRC) - Subcommittee on Manufactured Vitreous Fibers, Committee on Toxicology. Review of the U.S. Navy's exposure standard for manufactured vitreous fibers. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, May 2000, 75.
• The Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management. Risk Assessment and Risk Management in Regulatory Decision-Making. Final Report, Vol. 2. Washington, D.C. (1997).
• Potter RM. (2000). Method for determination of in-vitro fiber dissolution rate by direct optical measurement of diameter decrease. Glastech. Ber-Glass Science & Technology 73:46-55.
• Rappaport SM. (1984). The rules of the game: An analysis of OSHA’s enforcement strategy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 6:291-303.
• Refractory Ceramic Fibers Coalition (RCFC) PSP2002,http://www.rcfc.net/psp2002.htm, and letter dated February 11, 2002, from John Henshaw, Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, to William Kelly, President of RCFC and letter from RCFC member companies to John Henshaw, dated February 11, 2002.
• Rossiter CE and Chase JR. (1995). Statistical analysis of results of carcinogenicity studies of synthetic vitreous fibres at Research and Consulting Company, Geneva. Ann Occup Hyg 39:759-769.
• Ruotsalainen M, Hirvonen M, Luoto K and Savolainen KM. (1999). Production of reactive oxygen species by man-made vitreous fibres in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 18(6):354-362.
• Searl A, Buchanan D, Cullen RT, Jones AD, Miller BG and Soutar CA. (1999). Biopersistence and durability of nine mineral fibre types in rat lungs over 12 months. Ann Occup Hyg 43(3):143-153.
• Sebastien K, Fellman J, Potter R, Bauer J, Searl A, de Meringo A, Maquin B, de Reydellet A, Jubb G, Moore M, Preininger R, Zoitos B, Boymel P, Steenberg T, Lie Madson A and Guldberg M. (2002). EURIMA test guideline: In-vitro acellular dissolution of man-made vitreous silicate fibres. Glass Sci. Technol., 75:263-270.
• Tanaka I, Yamato H, Oyabu T and Ogami A. (2001). Biopersistence of man-made fibers by animal inhalation experiments in recent reports. Ind Health 39(2):114-118.
• Timbrell V, Skidmore JW, Hyett AW and Wagner JC. (1970). Exposure chambers for inhalation experiments with standard reference samples of asbestos of the International Union against cancer. J Aerosol Science 1:215-223.
• Tomatis M, Fenoglio I, Elias Z, Poirot OE and Fubini B. (2002). Effect of thermal treatment of refractory ceramic fibres on the induction of cytotoxicity and cell transformation. Ann Occup Hyg 46 (Suppl 1):176-180.
• Tsuda T, Morimoto Y, Yamato H, Nakamura H, Hori H, Nagata N, Kido M, Higashi T and Tanaka I. (1997). Effects of mineral fibers on the expression of genes whose product may play a role in fiber pathogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 105 (Suppl 5):1173-1178.
• Venturin D, Deren G and Corn M. (1997). Qualitative industrial hygiene product life cycle analysis applied to refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) consumer product applications. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 25(3):232-239.
• Walker AM, Maxim LD and Utell M. (2002). Risk analysis for mortality from respiratory tumors in a cohort of refractory ceramic fiber workers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35:95-104.
• Wardenbach P, Pott F and Woitowitz H-J. (2000). Differences between the classification of man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) according to the European Directive and German Legislation: Analysis of scientific data and implications for worker protection. Eur. J. Oncol. 5(S2):111-118.
• Warheit DB, Driscoll KE, Oberdörster G, Walker C, Kuschner M and Hesterberg TW. (1995). Contemporary-issues in fiber toxicology. Fundam Appl Toxicol 25(2):171-183.
• Weill H and Hughes J. (1996). Review of epidemiological data on morbidity following exposure to man-made vitreous fibres. J Occup Health Safety - Aust NZ 12(3):313-317.
• Young J, Laskowski JJ, Gray K, Acheson R and Forder SD. (1994). The identity, development and quantification of phases in devitrified, commercial-grade, aluminosilicate, refractory ceramic fibres: an X-ray powder diffractometry study Analytica Chimica Acta 286:9-23
• Young J, Rea MS and Briggs G. (1989). The non-formation of alpha-cristobalite in devitrified commercial grade aluminosilicate refractory ceramic fibre. Brit Ceramic Transactions J 88:58-66.
• Yu CP, Ding YL, Zhang L, Oberdorster G, Mast RW, Glass LR and Utell MJ. (1995). Deposition and clearance modeling of inhaled kaolin refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in hamsters - comparison between species. Inhal Toxicol 7(2):165-177.
• Yu CP, Zhang L, Oberdörster G, Mast RW, Maxim D and Utell MJ. (1995). Deposition of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the human respiratory tract and comparison with rodent studies. Aerosol Sci Tech 23(3):291-300.
• Zoitos BK, De Meringo A, Rouyer E, Thelohan S, Bauer J, Law B, Boymel PM, Olson JR, Christensen VR, Guldberg M, Koenig AR and Perander M. (1997). In vitro measurement of fiber dissolution rate relevant to biopersistence at neutral pH: an interlaboratory round robin. Inhal Toxicol 9(6):525-540.
• A Report by the Ad Hoc Working Party Set Up at the Request of The DGXI Working Group on Dangerous Substances. The Relationship Between Product Nominal Diameter and Airborne Fibre Concentration. November 1994.